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Photon induced changes in charge distributions and conductivities of oxide nanoparticles (rhodium doped strontium titanate) have been determined using in situ electron holography. The holography-based approach relies on the application of two distinct stimuli to the material of interest: electrons and photons. The high energy electron beam stimulates the formation of a layer of positive surface charge due to secondary electron emission. Light illumination reduces this charge due to enhanced electronic conductivity arising from photo-electron excitation. For moderate photon and electron illumination rates, there is a simple linear relationship between the steady state surface charge and the sample conductivity. For rhodium doped strontium titanate, we observe a factor of 3 increase in the conductivity for the illumination conditions employed here. The approach is general and can be employed to measure photo-induced changes in other semiconducting systems.